Beyond calcium and vitamin D: essential nutrients for strong bones

We take a closer look at three underrated heroes in bone health, and how you can incorporate them into your diet.
healthy diet for bone health

When we think about bone health, calcium and vitamin D are usually the first nutrients that come to mind, and for good reason. Calcium is a primary building block of bone tissue, and vitamin D helps the body absorb it efficiently. But bones are complex, living tissues that require a symphony of nutrients to stay strong and healthy throughout life. Beyond the well-known duo of calcium and vitamin D, there are several other nutrients play critical roles in bone strength and resilience.

When we think about bone health, calcium and vitamin D are usually the first nutrients that come to mind, and for good reason. Calcium is a primary building block of bone tissue, and vitamin D helps the body absorb it efficiently. But bones are complex, living tissues that require a symphony of nutrients to stay strong and healthy throughout life. Beyond the well-known duo of calcium and vitamin D, there are several other nutrients play critical roles in bone strength and resilience.

Magnesium: the bone matrix stabiliser

Magnesium is essential for converting vitamin D into its active form, which in turn helps the body absorb calcium1. It also contributes directly to the structural development of bones and is involved in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body2.

How it supports bones:

  • Helps regulate calcium levels
  • Supports bone density
  • Aids in the activation of vitamin D

 

Where to find it:

  • Leafy greens (spinach, Swiss chard)
  • Nuts and seeds (almonds, pumpkin seeds)
  • Legumes (beans, chickpeas)
  • Whole grains (brown rice, quinoa)
  • Avocados
  • Dark chocolate (in moderation)
nuts and seeds high in magnesium

Magnesium: the bone matrix stabiliser

Magnesium is essential for converting vitamin D into its active form, which in turn helps the body absorb calcium1. It also contributes directly to the structural development of bones and is involved in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body2.

How it supports bones:

  • Helps regulate calcium levels
  • Supports bone density
  • Aids in the activation of vitamin D

 

Where to find it:

  • Leafy greens (spinach, Swiss chard)
  • Nuts and seeds (almonds, pumpkin seeds)
  • Legumes (beans, chickpeas)
  • Whole grains (brown rice, quinoa)
  • Avocados
  • Dark chocolate (in moderation)
nuts and seeds high in magnesium
kimchi high in vitamin K

Vitamin K: the bone glue

Vitamin K plays a key role in bone mineralisation. It activates osteocalcin, a protein that helps bind calcium to the bone matrix, effectively ‘glueing’ the mineral into place3.

How it supports bones:

  • Activates bone-building proteins
  • Helps reduce bone loss
  • Works synergistically with vitamin D

 

Where to find it:

  • Green vegetables (kale, broccoli, Brussels sprouts)
  • Fermented foods (natto, kimchi, yogurt, sauerkraut, certain cheeses)
  • Egg yolks
kimchi high in vitamin K

Vitamin K: the bone glue

Vitamin K plays a key role in bone mineralisation. It activates osteocalcin, a protein that helps bind calcium to the bone matrix, effectively ‘glueing’ the mineral into place3.

How it supports bones:

  • Activates bone-building proteins
  • Helps reduce bone loss
  • Works synergistically with vitamin D

 

Where to find it:

  • Green vegetables (kale, broccoli, Brussels sprouts)
  • Fermented foods (natto, kimchi, yogurt, sauerkraut, certain cheeses)
  • Egg yolks

Potassium: the acid buffer

Potassium is often overlooked, but it plays a vital role in maintaining bone mass by neutralising acids that can leach calcium from the bones4. Diets high in sodium or protein can create acidic environments in the body5, and potassium helps to counteract this.

How it supports bones:

  • Reduces calcium loss through urine
  • Helps preserve bone mineral content
  • Supports muscle function, which in turn helps maintain bone integrity

 

Where to find it:

  • Bananas
  • Sweet potatoes
  • Beans
  • Tomatoes
  • Oranges and orange juice
  • Coconut water
bananas high in potassium

Potassium: the acid buffer

Potassium is often overlooked, but it plays a vital role in maintaining bone mass by neutralising acids that can leach calcium from the bones4. Diets high in sodium or protein can create acidic environments in the body5, and potassium helps to counteract this.

How it supports bones:

  • Reduces calcium loss through urine
  • Helps preserve bone mineral content
  • Supports muscle function, which in turn helps maintain bone integrity

 

Where to find it:

  • Bananas
  • Sweet potatoes
  • Beans
  • Tomatoes
  • Oranges and orange juice
  • Coconut water
bananas high in potassium

Bringing it all together

Strong bones are built on more than just calcium and vitamin D. Magnesium, vitamin K, and potassium are all crucial contributors to your skeletal system’s long-term health. The best way to ensure you’re getting these essential nutrients? Eat a diverse, colourful, and whole-food-based diet.

By expanding your nutrient intake beyond the basics, you’ll not only support stronger bones but also enhance your overall health and vitality.

Bringing it all together

Strong bones are built on more than just calcium and vitamin D. Magnesium, vitamin K, and potassium are all crucial contributors to your skeletal system’s long-term health. The best way to ensure you’re getting these essential nutrients? Eat a diverse, colourful, and whole-food-based diet.

By expanding your nutrient intake beyond the basics, you’ll not only support stronger bones but also enhance your overall health and vitality.

References

  1. Rondanelli M, et al. (2021) An update on magnesium and bone health. Biometals. 34(4):715-736.
  2. University Hospitals (2022) The Surprising Health Benefits of Magnesium. [online] uhhospitals.org/blog/articles/2022/09/the-surprising-health-benefits-of-magnesium 
  3. Myneni VD, Mezey E. (2017) Regulation of bone remodeling by vitamin K2. Oral Dis. 23(8):1021-1028.
  4. National Osteoporosis Foundation (2024) Your pH balance and your bones. [online] osteoporosis.org.za/your-ph-balance-and-your-bones/ 
  5. Osuna-Padilla I, et al. (2019) Dietary acid load: Mechanisms and evidence of its health repercussions, Nefrología (English Edition). 39(4); 343-354.

 

References

  1. Rondanelli M, et al. (2021) An update on magnesium and bone health. Biometals. 34(4):715-736.
  2. University Hospitals (2022) The Surprising Health Benefits of Magnesium. [online] uhhospitals.org/blog/articles/2022/09/the-surprising-health-benefits-of-magnesium 
  3. Myneni VD, Mezey E. (2017) Regulation of bone remodeling by vitamin K2. Oral Dis. 23(8):1021-1028.
  4. National Osteoporosis Foundation (2024) Your pH balance and your bones. [online] osteoporosis.org.za/your-ph-balance-and-your-bones/ 
  5. Osuna-Padilla I, et al. (2019) Dietary acid load: Mechanisms and evidence of its health repercussions, Nefrología (English Edition). 39(4); 343-354.