Can osteoporosis affect your teeth?

In this blog, we’ll explore the connection between osteoporosis, the medications used to treat it, and your teeth. 
close up of someone brushing their teeth

Understanding osteoporosis

Osteoporosis, a condition characterised by weakened bones, not only affects your skeletal system, but can have implications on your dental health, too.

Bone is a living tissue that undergoes constant remodelling, with old bone being replaced by new bone. In osteoporosis, the balance between bone formation and bone resorption is disrupted, leading to weaker bones that are more prone to breaking.

Understanding osteoporosis

Osteoporosis, a condition characterised by weakened bones, not only affects your skeletal system, but can have implications on your dental health, too.

Bone is a living tissue that undergoes constant remodelling, with old bone being replaced by new bone. In osteoporosis, the balance between bone formation and bone resorption is disrupted, leading to weaker bones that are more prone to breaking.

Oral health complications in osteoporosis

Tooth loss: Reduced bone mass in the jaw as a result of osteoporosis can affect the stability and support of teeth, leading to tooth loss1

Periodontal disease: Osteoporosis can increase your risk of periodontal disease, a severe gum infection that damages the soft tissue and bone supporting the teeth2.

Dental implants: If you have osteoporosis, you may face challenges with dental implant procedures due to compromised bone quality in the jawbone3.

a collection of coloured toothbrushes on a countertop

Oral health complications in osteoporosis

Tooth loss: Reduced bone mass in the jaw as a result of osteoporosis can affect the stability and support of teeth, leading to tooth loss1

Periodontal disease: Osteoporosis can increase your risk of periodontal disease, a severe gum infection that damages the soft tissue and bone supporting the teeth2.

Dental implants: If you have osteoporosis, you may face challenges with dental implant procedures due to compromised bone quality in the jawbone3.

a collection of coloured toothbrushes on a countertop

Osteoporosis drugs and dental health

Bisphosphonates are a class of commonly prescribed osteoporosis drugs. While they can effectively reduce bone loss and fracture risk, in rare cases, long-term use has been associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). 

ONJ is characterised by death of bone tissue in the jaw, often triggered by dental procedures or trauma to the mouth. The risk of ONJ is higher in individuals receiving high doses of intravenous bisphosphonates, such as those used in cancer treatment, compared to oral formulations4

Like bisphosphonates, denosumab carries a risk of ONJ, particularly in individuals with a history of dental surgery or poor oral hygiene.

Osteoporosis drugs and dental health

Bisphosphonates are a class of commonly prescribed osteoporosis drugs. While they can effectively reduce bone loss and fracture risk, in rare cases, long-term use has been associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). 

ONJ is characterised by death of bone tissue in the jaw, often triggered by dental procedures or trauma to the mouth. The risk of ONJ is higher in individuals receiving high doses of intravenous bisphosphonates, such as those used in cancer treatment, compared to oral formulations4

Like bisphosphonates, denosumab carries a risk of ONJ, particularly in individuals with a history of dental surgery or poor oral hygiene.

Dental care recommendations for people with osteoporosis

Regular dental check-ups: Routine dental visits are essential for maintaining oral health. Your dentist can monitor for signs of periodontal disease and provide preventive care. 

Communication with healthcare providers: Inform your dentist about any medications you are taking for osteoporosis, as well as your overall health status. This information will help them tailor your dental treatment plan accordingly. 

Good oral hygiene: Practice good oral hygiene habits, including brushing your teeth twice a day, flossing daily, and using mouthwash as recommended by your dentist. Proper oral care can help prevent periodontal disease and minimise the risk of complications. 

Dental procedures: Before undergoing any dental procedures, discuss the potential risks and benefits with your dentist and healthcare provider, especially if you are taking medications for osteoporosis. 

older woman resting her head on her hands smiling at camera

Dental care recommendations for people with osteoporosis

Regular dental check-ups: Routine dental visits are essential for maintaining oral health. Your dentist can monitor for signs of periodontal disease and provide preventive care. 

Communication with healthcare providers: Inform your dentist about any medications you are taking for osteoporosis, as well as your overall health status. This information will help them tailor your dental treatment plan accordingly. 

Good oral hygiene: Practice good oral hygiene habits, including brushing your teeth twice a day, flossing daily, and using mouthwash as recommended by your dentist. Proper oral care can help prevent periodontal disease and minimise the risk of complications. 

Dental procedures: Before undergoing any dental procedures, discuss the potential risks and benefits with your dentist and healthcare provider, especially if you are taking medications for osteoporosis. 

older woman resting her head on her hands smiling at camera

Osteoporosis and dental health are closely linked, impacting both your bones and your smile. While osteoporosis medications help to strengthen bones and reduce fracture risk, long term use can sometimes affect dental health. 

But, by prioritising preventative care, maintaining good oral hygiene and communicating effectively with healthcare providers, you can safeguard your dental health for years to come.

Osteoporosis and dental health are closely linked, impacting both your bones and your smile. While osteoporosis medications help to strengthen bones and reduce fracture risk, long term use can sometimes affect dental health. 

But, by prioritising preventative care, maintaining good oral hygiene and communicating effectively with healthcare providers, you can safeguard your dental health for years to come.

References

  1. Sharma N, Reche A. (2023) Unraveling the Relationship Between Osteoporosis, Treatment Modalities, and Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus. 15(11):e49399.
  2. Yu B, Wang CY. (2022) Osteoporosis and periodontal diseases – An update on their association and mechanistic links. Periodontol 2000. 89(1):99-113.
  3. Samara W, Moztarzadeh O, Hauer L, Babuska V. (2024) Dental Implant Placement in Medically Compromised Patients: A Literature Review. Cureus. 16(2):e54199.
  4. King AE, Umland EM. (2008) Osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients receiving intravenous or oral bisphosphonates. Pharmacotherapy. 28(5):667-77.

References

  1. Sharma N, Reche A. (2023) Unraveling the Relationship Between Osteoporosis, Treatment Modalities, and Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus. 15(11):e49399.
  2. Yu B, Wang CY. (2022) Osteoporosis and periodontal diseases – An update on their association and mechanistic links. Periodontol 2000. 89(1):99-113.
  3. Samara W, Moztarzadeh O, Hauer L, Babuska V. (2024) Dental Implant Placement in Medically Compromised Patients: A Literature Review. Cureus. 16(2):e54199.
  4. King AE, Umland EM. (2008) Osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients receiving intravenous or oral bisphosphonates. Pharmacotherapy. 28(5):667-77.